Antiretroviral Toxicity

Purpose

The antiretroviral toxicity page is here to provide the reader with regular updates on specific toxicities caused by or described in association with the use of antiretroviral agents. This web section also offers the reader a concise summary of non-pharmacologic options (e.g. herbal therapy, dietary supplements) and pharmacologic options currently available to treat or prevent these toxicities.

Methods

The complexity and wide variety of antiretroviral combination therapies often make causal relationships between a specific antiretoviral agent and a given toxicity difficult. Consequently, a significant amount of information on antiretroviral toxicities remain in the form of case reports and abstracts or posters presented at scientific conferences. To offer the reader a complete review of the topic, published articles in peer-reviewed journals and pertinent case reports and abstracts will be referenced in this section. This information posted on the webmaster will me thoroughly reviewed and updated at least on a quarterly basis. New information will be forwarded to the webmaster for inclusion if appropriate.

Abstract & References

• Protease Inhibitors associated toxicities
  • Insulin resistance

    Walli R, Hertfort O, MichL GM et al. Treatment with protease inhibitors associated with peripheral insuline resistance and impaired oral glucose tlerance in HIV-1-infected patients. AIDS 1998; 12: F167-73. [PubMed]

    Goebel FD, Walli R. Antiretroviral therapy-associated insulin resistance: frequency, potential causes and possible therapeutic interventions. 1st International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV (abstract 005). San Diego, June 26-28,1999.

  • Hyperlipidemia
  • Hypertriglyceridemia
  • Fat redistribution
  • Renal Failure
  • Hepatitis
• Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors associated toxicities
  • Lactic Acidosis
  • Hepatitis
  • Peripheral Neuropathy
  • Pancreatitis
  • Fat redistribution
  • Ototoxicity
  • Steven Johnson Syndrome
• Non- Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors associated toxicities
  • Hepatitis
  • Steven Johnson Syndrome

• Dyslipidemia
  Preliminary Guidelines for the valuation and management of Dyslipidemia in Adults Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy: Recommendations of the Adult AIDS Clinical Trial Group Cardiovascular Disease Focus Group. Clinical Infectious Disease; 31: 1216-24
• Diabetes/Insulin Resistance
  H Hardy, LD Esch, GD Morse. Glucose Disorders Associated with HIV and Its Drug Therapy. Annals of pharmacotherapy 2001; 35:343-51. [PubMed]